The Journal of Law and Epistemic Studies (e-ISSN 3091-1575), published by Publis Editorial, an editorial unit of Publisciencia S.A.S. (R.U.C.: 1391936852001, Portoviejo, Ecuador), aims to serve as a multidisciplinary platform for the dissemination of innovative research and advanced practices in the fields of Law and other social sciences. The journal promotes the analysis of theoretical and practical approaches that integrate legal sciences and social sciences such as Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, Political Science, Economics, History, Human Geography, Social Work, Demography, Education, Social Communication, Gender Studies, Criminology and International Relations. It is a space where innovation in human life from the social sciences, legal analysis and understanding of them converge to generate knowledge that promotes justice, competitiveness and sustainable development of organizations and societies globally.
Rethinking legal protection against gender-based and domestic violence in Angola: human rights and governance
Gender-based and domestic violence remain among the most significant challenges to the protection of women's human rights in Angola. This study aimed to analyse the conceptual evolution of gender-based violence, examine the applicable national and international legal framework, and assess the institutional challenges affecting the effectiveness of the protection system from a socio-legal perspective. A qualitative research design was adopted through a legal-documentary review of scientific literature, national legislation, international human rights instruments, and institutional documents published mainly between 2020 and 2026. The findings reveal important legal advances through the Constitution of Angola, Law No. 25/11 on Domestic Violence, and international human rights instruments that strengthen the legal protection of women. However, significant challenges remain regarding effective access to justice, institutional coordination, prevention strategies, and the implementation of public policies. As its main contribution, the study proposes a socio-legal model structured around five strategic dimensions—prevention, comprehensive protection, access to justice, institutional coordination, and comprehensive reparation—to strengthen the State's response and improve the effective protection of women's rights in Angola.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yonayka Licea-Suárez , Lisandra León-Brizuela, Ariadna Moya-Rodríguez , Leonel Céspedes-Tamayo, Osvaldo Hipólito-Fernando (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
From parental authority to parental responsibility legal evolution and challenges for the protection of children
The transformation of Family Law over recent decades has profoundly redefined the traditional concept of parental authority, shifting from a model based on parental prerogatives to one centred on parental responsibility and the comprehensive protection of children's rights. This study aims to examine the legal evolution of filiation and parental authority from a historical, comparative and human rights perspective, identifying the main challenges arising from the transition towards parental responsibility within Latin American legal systems. A qualitative legal methodology was adopted, combining doctrinal, normative, jurisprudential and comparative analysis. The review included national legislation, international human rights instruments, case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and specialised scientific literature published between 2020 and 2026. The findings reveal a progressive trend towards replacing the traditional concept of parental authority with parental responsibility, understood as a legal function guided by the best interests of the child, shared parental responsibilities and respect for the child's evolving capacities. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain regarding assisted reproduction, socio-affective filiation, diverse family structures and legislative harmonisation across Latin America. The study concludes that consolidating the parental responsibility paradigm requires a reinterpretation of traditional Family Law institutions in accordance with international child protection standards.
Copyright (c) 2026 Alfredo A. Chilembelenbe-Seyungo , Rosária L. Correia-Dumbo, Eunice N. Martins-Chipululo , Luís Calei-Brito, Alberto K. Kavinda-Canjamba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Workplace harassment, mental health, and job performance a comparative legal review of Ecuador and Colombia
Workplace harassment is one of the main psychosocial problems affecting employee well-being and organizational productivity. Its presence generates negative consequences for both victims and institutions, causing psychological, physical, and occupational harm. The objective of this research was to analyze, based on scientific literature and the Ecuadorian legal framework, the main effects of workplace harassment on the mental health and performance of workers, as well as existing challenges for worker protection in Ecuador. This analysis was complemented by a legal comparison with Colombian legislation. The research was conducted through a structured review of scientific literature, supplemented by a normative and jurisprudential analysis of the Ecuadorian framework and a legal comparison with Colombian legislation. A qualitative methodology based on bibliographic, normative, and jurisprudential analysis was used. The results showed that workplace harassment is consistently associated with stress, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, decreased work performance, absenteeism, and a deteriorating organizational climate. The legal analysis established that, although Ecuador has constitutional and labor protections against harassment, there are limitations in the implementation of preventive and protective mechanisms. It concludes that it is essential to strengthen the mechanisms, institutional protocols, and public policies aimed at protecting the mental health of workers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatsi S. Cedeño-Roldán, Darley G. Mero-Tituana (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The legal governance of ai upskilling and reskilling: towards a new employer duty
This article examines whether the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) justifies a broader interpretation of employer responsibilities regarding continuous upskilling and reskilling. An interdisciplinary qualitative methodology was employed, combining doctrinal-comparative legal analysis with a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Scientific evidence was collected from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink, complemented by reports from the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF). The findings indicate that AI-driven workforce transformation extends beyond technological innovation and significantly affects employability, requiring organisations to anticipate skills disruption through strategic workforce development. The study identifies a conceptual gap between labour law, strategic human resource management and corporate governance concerning employer responsibility for workforce capability development. To address this gap, it proposes the AI Employability Governance Framework (AEGF), an original model integrating strategic workforce foresight, continuous upskilling, reskilling pathways, shared employer responsibility, labour rights protection and sustainable employability. The framework contributes to the emerging debate on responsible AI governance by providing a conceptual foundation for more inclusive, resilient and legally informed models of workforce transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joel Menezes-Barreto, Duliet Hong-León, Jaime E. Pérez-Fernández, António Ramos-Congo, Natalia A. Domingas-Chivango (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Algorithmic management of work and the transformation of collective labour rights in the platform economy
This article examines the transformation of the fundamental categories of Labour Law resulting from the incorporation of algorithmic management into the platform economy. Its objective is to analyse how artificial intelligence (AI), algorithmic management and data-driven technologies, including People Analytics, are reshaping employment relationships and transforming the protection of collective labour rights. A qualitative methodology was adopted, based on doctrinal legal analysis, documentary research and the comparative legal method, using Directive (EU) 2024/2831 as the principal analytical framework and contrasting it with recent legislative, doctrinal and jurisprudential developments across selected Ibero-American jurisdictions. The findings reveal that the apparent autonomy of platform workers often conceals sophisticated forms of algorithmic control that redefine managerial authority and transcend the traditional distinction between employees and independent contractors. The study also identifies the emergence of Unionism 4.0 and data activism as innovative forms of collective organisation capable of responding to the digital fragmentation of work. It concludes that algorithmic transparency, meaningful human oversight and the right to an explanation of automated decision-making constitute essential safeguards for the effective protection of collective labour rights, the preservation of balanced employment relationships and the maintenance of effective judicial oversight within increasingly digitalised labour markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Digna Z. Gorozabel-Lucas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Work motivation and its influence on employee performance at the Municipal Slaughter Center of Portoviejo. Legal implications
Work motivation is a key determinant of institutional efficiency and the achievement of organizational objectives. This study analyzed work motivation and its influence on the performance of employees at the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Portoviejo. A quantitative, descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional design was applied to a census population of 29 operational employees. Data were collected using a validated 21-item questionnaire assessing extrinsic, intrinsic, and power motivation, together with nine items measuring work performance. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27, and associations between variables were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). The results showed that 72.41% of employees exhibited a moderate level of work motivation, a pattern also observed for extrinsic (79.30%), intrinsic (65.52%), and power motivation (55.17%). Regarding work performance, 51.72% demonstrated a moderate level, while 44.83% achieved a high level. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between overall work motivation and performance (ρ = 0.672; p < 0.001), as well as for extrinsic (ρ = 0.477), intrinsic (ρ = 0.640), and power motivation (ρ = 0.693). These findings highlight the importance of strengthening autonomy, recognition, and employee participation to improve job performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farah Farfán Vélez, Renier Esquivel García (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Due process, cognitive bias and artificial intelligence in judicial decision-making
This study analyzes the legal and psychological implications of artificial intelligence in judicial decision-making, with particular emphasis on its effects on due process guarantees. The research adopts a qualitative, doctrinal, and comparative approach based on a systematic review of academic literature and international regulatory frameworks related to AI governance and digital justice. From a legal perspective, the findings identify risks associated with algorithmic opacity, automated bias, and the weakening of reasoned judicial decisions, potentially affecting equality before the law, judicial impartiality, and the right to defense. From a psychological perspective, the study highlights the influence of cognitive biases, particularly automation bias and anchoring effects, on judicial actors interacting with AI systems, which may reduce autonomy and critical reasoning. The results also indicate that procedural fairness and public trust in judicial institutions may be undermined when algorithmic processes lack transparency and explainability. In response to these challenges, the study proposes a hybrid model of adjudication in which artificial intelligence functions as a decision-support tool under strict human supervision, ensuring the protection of fundamental rights and the preservation of cognitive integrity in judicial decision-making processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ariadna Moya- Rodríguez, Yonayka Licea -Suárez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
International coercion and the transformation of the global legal-political order: the Venezuela–United States case as a structural precedent
This article critically examines the Venezuela–United States case as a structural precedent of international coercion, assessing its implications for the contemporary global legal-political order. From a public international law perspective, it evaluates the compatibility of unilateral coercive measures, particularly economic sanctions, with the principles of State sovereignty, non-intervention, multilateralism, and human rights protection. The research adopts a qualitative approach with an analytical-descriptive and critical design, grounded in contemporary legal-dogmatic methodology. A critical case study is applied through the systematic analysis of international legal norms, United Nations resolutions, international jurisprudence, recent State practice, and updated scholarly doctrine (2024–2025). The findings reveal the normalization of unilateral economic coercion as a regular instrument of foreign policy, alongside a progressive weakening of multilateralism and the collective security system. The study also identifies structural impacts on the effective enjoyment of human rights, especially economic, social, and cultural rights, due to the extraterritorial effects of sanctions. It concludes that this case represents a replica ble precedent, reflecting a transformation of State sovereignty and promoting normative exceptionalism in contemporary international law, highlighting the need to strengthen multilateral mechanisms and redefine legal limits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reynaldo Roldán-Peña (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Impact of cognitive processes on work performance comparative study in teachers of the Cruz del Norte Educational Unit
This study examines the relationship between cognitive processes and job performance in teachers at the Cruz del Norte Educational Unit, focusing on attention, planning, organization, anxiety, and job stress. A mixed-method design was applied, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques such as psychometric tests, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, Student’s t-test, the Delphi method, and the Ishikawa diagram. The results show that executive functions, particularly planning and organization, have a significant positive impact on job performance. Teachers with higher levels of these skills demonstrate better performance, with strong correlations (r = 0.72, p = 0.001; r = 0.65, p = 0.003). In contrast, anxiety and stress act as limiting factors. Multiple regression analysis indicates that anxiety (β = -0.4946, p < 0.0001) and stress (β = -0.3721, p < 0.001) negatively predict job performance. Additionally, job indiscipline—reflected in absenteeism and lateness—shows a strong negative correlation with performance (r = -0.74, p < 0.000). These findings highlight the importance of time management and organizational commitment, as well as the need to implement training and psychological support strategies to improve teacher performance and educational quality.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erick. J Loor- Domo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Religious practices and cultural conflicts in the indigenous communities of Umariaçu I and II, Tabatinga-AM, Brazil
This study analyzes the impact of religious practices on cultural identity and the emergence of cultural conflicts in the indigenous Ticuna communities of Umariaçú I and II, located in the municipality of Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. The research adopted a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, including participant observation, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews applied to a sample of 170 community members of different ages and genders. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistical analysis based on percentages, while qualitative data supported an in-depth interpretation of local sociocultural dynamics. The findings reveal a progressive weakening of traditional Ticuna cultural practices, particularly ancestral rituals, intergenerational transmission of knowledge, and collective festivities. This process is closely associated with the expansion of Christian religious institutions, especially Evangelical and Catholic denominations, whose doctrines and norms often restrict participation in traditional rites. Such restrictions have generated identity tensions and intergenerational conflicts within the communities, with a stronger impact observed among younger members. The study concludes that the predominance of externally imposed religiosity, rather than respectful intercultural dialogue, has contributed to cultural displacement and identity fragmentation in the communities studied. These results underscore the importance of strengthening intercultural educational strategies and public policies aimed at protecting indigenous cultural autonomy and promoting the coexistence of religious diversity without undermining ancestral traditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Valdenizio Leão-Santana, Anayansi Albert-Rodríguez, Naymi Madrigal-González (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Mediation of communication practices in the service provide by notaries
Effective communication has become a strategic component of the quality of public services, especially in areas characterized by high technical and legal complexity, such as notarial services. In this context, this article aims to analyze how communication practices influence the service provided by notaries, identifying the main communication practices employed by notaries and assessing their impact on users' perceptions of quality and satisfaction. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive-interpretive design. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary data collection technique, applied to 15 practicing notaries and 30 users who visited various notary offices. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis, which allowed for the identification of analytical categories related to communication practices and their impact on the service experience. The results show that practices such as using clear and accessible language, active listening, and constant feedback significantly improve the understanding of notarial acts, strengthen the perception of legal certainty, and foster institutional trust. In contrast, the absence of these practices generates uncertainty, perceptions of distant treatment, and distrust of the notarial institution. It is concluded that the mediation of communicative practices constitutes a determining factor in the quality of the notarial service, by strengthening its social function, preventing conflicts and promoting a more accessible, reliable and citizen-oriented public service.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gleidys L. Rodríguez-Reyes (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The promise of equity challenges and realities of the extended school day in San Francisco de Macorís, Dominican Republic
The implementation of the Extended School Day (ESD) in the Dominican Republic has been conceived as a public policy aimed at reducing educational inequalities and promoting greater equity within the school system. However, its application in specific territorial contexts reveals structural, pedagogical, and or ganizational challenges that shape its outcomes. This study aims to analyze the challenges and realities of the ESD in Educational Region 07 of San Francisco de Macorís, focusing on its perceived impact on educational equity and teaching and learning conditions. The research adopts a descriptive mixed methods approach, com bining empirical analysis of teachers’ and school administrators’ perceptions expressed through descriptive statistical data with a systematized review of recent academic and normative literature. The findings indicate progress in terms of student retention and expanded access to instructional time, alongside persistent lim itations related to infrastructure, teachers’ workload, institutional management, and the functioning of the School Feeding Program. The study concludes that while the ESD constitutes a significant opportunity to advance educational equity, its effectiveness largely depends on contextual conditions, adaptive school management, and complementary policies that ensure quality and sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nelson Rosario-Cordero (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Rethinking science from the university social studies and the transformation of doctoral education
Internal communication in public health institutions is a key operational axis and an essential space for the production and circulation of organizational knowledge. This study, from a critical organizational perspective, diagnosed the internal communication dynamics within a Cuban healthcare institution, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for structural improvement. Using a qualitative, non-experimental, and descriptive design, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were conducted, with thematic coding performed using Atlas.ti. A hierarchical structure was observed, characterized by limited feedback, strong reliance on informal channels, and a lack of strategic planning in communication management. These conditions hinder transparency, demotivate staff, and limit the institution’s responsiveness. However, spontaneous collaborative practices and a willingness for interpersonal dialogue were also noted, representing valuable resources for bottom-up institutional trans formation. It is necessary to professionalize internal communication, institutionalize protocols, and democratize information flows. Communication should be addressed as a transversal component of public management, constitutive of both power and organizational knowledge. The study provides conceptual and practical tools for rethinking the relationship between communication, institutional authority, and organizational epistemologies in the field of public health.
Systematization of professional practices
Copyright (c) 2025 María de los Ángeles Castillo, Diana N. Concepción (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
From efficiency to exclusion rethinking AI governance in public institutions
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration has been promoted as a means to increase efficiency and reduce human bias. However, recent studies reveal that these systems can reproduce and even amplify structural inequalities, thereby undermining fundamental human rights. This article offers a critical analysis of how algorithmic decision-making impacts equality, privacy, and human dignity, based on an interdisciplinary documentary review of normative frameworks, empirical studies, and real-world cases such as the COMPAS algorithm in the United States and the child welfare fraud detection system in the Netherlands. Three critical dimensions are identified: the algorithmic reproduction of historical prejudice, the prevalence of automation bias and selective adherence by public officials, and the inadequacy of current regulatory frameworks such as the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Drawing on the concept of “slow violence,” the study argues that these technologies can imperceptibly erode fundamental rights, particularly among vulnerable populations. The findings support the need to move toward a model of algorithmic governance centered on human rights, incorporating principles of transparency, accountability, public oversight, and access to effective redress mechanisms. Only through comprehensive and enforceable regulation can the risk of a new form of algorithmic exclusion in the public sector be effectively mitigated.
Copyright (c) 2025 Vielka M. Párraga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Legal artificial intelligence under empirical and epistemic scrutiny
This study critically examined the phenomenon of legal hallucinations generated by artificial intelligence systems used in legal contexts. The main objective was twofold: to quantify the frequency and types of errors produced by general-purpose and specialized models, and to analyze the ethical and epistemic implications of these failures. A quasi-experimental comparative design was adopted, using a corpus of 200 legal scenarios structured according to the IRAC method. Four artificial intelligence systems were evaluated: two general-purpose language models (ChatGPT 4 and Llama 2) and two specialized legal tools with augmented information retrieval (Lexis+ AI and Westlaw AI). Data collection included manual coding by legal experts and automated analysis using semantic entropy and semantic entropy probes. The results revealed that general-purpose models exhibited significantly higher rates of hallucinations, with fabricated legal citations being the most frequent error. The automated detection system achieved an acceptable accuracy in identifying inconsistencies, with performance metrics aligning well with those of human coding. These failures represent not only a technical risk but also an emerging form of epistemic injustice, as they compromise access to verified information and undermine trust in legal knowledge. It was concluded that epistemic validation mechanisms must be incorporated into legal artificial intelligence systems, and regulatory frameworks should be developed to ensure the responsible use of these technologies in forensic and academic practice.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oscar A. Muñoz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Between algorithms and rights: platform work and labor disempowerment in Latin America
Platform-based work has transformed traditional forms of employment, generating new challenges for labor law. This study aims to critically analyze the link between the expansion of digitally mediated work through applications and the absence of minimum labor guarantees from a labor law perspective focused on Latin America. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing a documentary design and interpretive analysis of normative, doctrinal, and empirical sources, including scientific articles and international reports. The findings revealed that most platform workers are excluded from social security systems and legal protections due to ambiguous contractual classifications that define themas independent contractors, despite presenting clear indicators of subordination, continuity, and dependence. Forms of algorithmic control, lack of collective representation, and regulatory gaps were identified, all of which deepen labor precariousness. The discussion concluded that it is necessary to apply the classical principles of labor law—such as the primacy of reality, non-waivability, and protection—to these new digital forms of employment. Finally, normative guidelines were proposed to guarantee fundamental rights, promote algorithmic transparency, and adapt labor regulation to the transformations of the digital world of work.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatsi S. Cedeño, Darley G. Mero (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Listening within structural barriers and relational potential in public health communication
Internal communication in public health institutions is a key operational axis and an essential space for the production and circulation of organizational knowledge. This study, from a critical organizational perspective, diagnosed the internal communication dynamics within a Cuban healthcare institution, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for structural improvement. Using a qualitative, non-experimental, and descriptive design, participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis were conducted, with thematic coding performed using Atlas.ti. A hierarchical structure was observed, characterized by limited feedback, strong reliance on informal channels, and a lack of strategic planning in communication management. These conditions hinder transparency, demotivate staff, and limit the institution’s responsiveness. However, spontaneous collaborative practices and a willingness for interpersonal dialogue were also notes, representing valuable resources for bottom-up institutional transformation. It is necessary to professionalize internal communication, institutionalize protocols, and democratize information flows. Communication should be addressed as a transversal component of public management, constitutive of both power and organizational knowledge. The study provides conceptual and practical tools for rethinking the relationship between communication, institutional authority, and organizational epistemologies in the field of public health.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yanara Aróstica (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Law and innovation in food biotechnology: ethical implications for the production of functional foods
Functional foods have emerged as an innovative category within the food industry, promoted for their ability to offer additional benefits beyond essential nutrition. However, their commercialization poses significant legal and ethical challenges, particularly regarding regulating their health benefits, producer responsibility, and equity in access. This systematic review analyzes current legislation in various jurisdictions, including the European Union, the United States, and Latin America, comparing regulatory approaches and their impact on food safety and consumer protection. It also examines the main ethical dilemmas associated with promoting these products, such as labeling transparency, unequal access to functional foods, and using biotechnology in their development. The results show that while regulatory frameworks exist to regulate these issues, challenges persist in their practical implementation and the harmonization of standards internationally. It concludes that stricter and more consistent regulation, along with clear and accessible communication strategies for consumers, is essential to ensure safety and equity in the functional foods market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Daliannis Rodríguez, Mario A. García (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Gender-based and sexual violence in Latin America structural factors psychological impacts and challenges of institutional response
This article conducted a thematic review on gender-based and sexual violence in the Ecuadorian and Latin American context, aiming to analyze its principal manifestations, impacts, and institutional responses. A qualitative approach was applied, based on the documentary analysis of scientific literature published between 2019 and 2024, reports from international organizations, and current national legislation. The results showed that gender-based violence takes multiple forms, including physical, sexual, psychological, patrimonial, and moral violence, affecting women of all ages in a transversal manner. A high prevalence of domestic and sexual violence was identified, with profound physical and psychological impacts such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Structural risk factors were also recognized, such as patriarchal culture, economic inequality, lack of access to adequate services, and institutional revictimization. Despite legal advancements, significant challenges persist in effectively implementing public policies, comprehensive victim care, and transforming discriminatory cultural patterns. It was concluded that eradicating gender-based violence requires coordinated, sustained, and intersectional action that integrates legal, social, educational, and public health measures aimed at guaranteeing women’s human rights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lisandra León, Leonel Céspedes (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
A concise analysis of the university’s impact on local development in Yaguajay municipality
Este artículo analizó el rol de la universidad en el proceso de desarrollo local del municipio de Yaguajay, con especial énfasis en el impacto del Centro Universitario Municipal (CUM) en esta región. La investigación examinó cómo esta institución académica ha contribuido activamente a la transformación y mejora de las condiciones socioeconómicas locales mediante la integración de recursos científicos, tecnológicos y humanos. Se identificaron diversas acciones, proyectos y estrategias impulsadas por la universidad, orientadas a responder a las necesidades específicas de la comunidad. El estudio destacó la importancia de la conexión entre la universidad y los diferentes actores sociales, económicos e institucionales del territorio, enfatizando que una mayor articulación y cooperación entre ellos podría potenciar aún más los efectos positivos en el desarrollo local. Además, se argumentó que la universidad, como motor de conocimiento e innovación, desempeña un papel clave en la planificación participativa y la implementación de políticas públicas locales. En conclusión, se sostiene que fortalecer el vínculo universidad-territorio representa una vía eficaz para promover el crecimiento sostenible y mejorar significativamente los indicadores socioeconómicos del municipio de Yaguajay.
Copyright (c) 2025 Edwin C. García-Vivas, Cristian L. Jiménez-Sánchez, Rixy A. García-Ruenes (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The principle of immediacy in evidence assessment institutional responsibility and procedural safeguards in the age of judicial digitalization
The present study analyzed the procedural principle of immediacy within oral proceedings, evaluating its preservation in digital judicialization environments and its impact on assessing evidence and procedural nullity. A qualitative approach was applied, employing a dogmatic jurisprudential method based on documentary and case law analysis of sources published between 2022 and 2025. The results showed that the virtualization of hearings presents significant challenges to the direct perception of evidence, particularly in evaluating oral testimonies. However, it also offers opportunities to expand access to justice and optimize judicial resources. The study found that the lack of immediacy can affect fundamental procedural guarantees; however, such an impact does not automatically result in nullity unless specific prejudice is demonstrated. It was also noted that it is possible to preserve immediacy in digital environments through appropriate technologies, strict protocols, and specific regulatory reforms. In conclusion, the study reaffirmed the crucial need for the digital transformation of judicial proceedings to be grounded in a rights-protective approach. This approach harmonizes technological efficiency with the full respect of the parties’ fundamental rights, thereby ensuring procedural legitimacy in judicial modernization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mallury E. Alcívar, Brenner F. Diaz (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Identity and image audit in the UEB Sancti Spiritus basic electric organization
The research was conducted at the Basic Business Unit of the Sancti Spíritus Basic Electric Organization, within the context of an organizational change process linked to the strengthening of the socialist state enterprise in the updating of the Cuban economic model. This scenario included new regulations, such as the Social Communication Law, which reinforced the importance of communication, identity, and institutional image. The objective was to design an identity and image audit model for this unit. Qualitative methods were used, with a descriptive design and an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account cultural and individual factors in the construction of identity and image. The proposed model includes phases and steps distributed across four components: functional, cultural, commercial, and visual, involving managers and workers in a synergistic manner. The results showed favorable conditions in the entities of the Electric Union for the implementation of the model, which was characterized by being structured in phases, flexible, self-manageable, and aligned with other institutional processes, in accordance with the Regulation for the Implementation and Consolidation of the State Business Management and Direction System and the Social Communication Law.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yailen Franco-Cordero, Dámaris Valero Rivero, Elsa Ramos Ramirez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Moral values formation in schools axiological, philosophical, and psycho-pedagogical review
This theoretical and documentary study examined the philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical foundations that support the development of moral values in contemporary education. The objective was to analyze axiology as a key discipline for understanding values and to highlight the role of schools and teachers in building ethical and committed citizenship. A qualitative and hermeneutic methodology was applied, critically reviewing relevant academic sources in moral philosophy, developmental psychology, and ethics education. The results revealed three main findings: the progressive and relational nature of moral values; the axiological crisis in contemporary school contexts, marked by the dissonance between institutionally promoted values and those imposed by the socioeconomic environment; and the strategic role of schools and teachers as ethical mediators in the development of autonomous moral judgment. The conclusion was that values education cannot be conceived as an accessory content but as a cross-cutting axis of the educational process. Its conscious incorporation is essential to foster thoughtful, caring citizens committed to justice, respect, and human dignity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yoan Maderas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Human talent and transdisciplinarity from a bibliographic review
The study analyzed the application of transdisciplinarity in human talent management to identify its benefits, challenges, and opportunities. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA protocol based on studies published between 2002 and 2022 in high-impact scientific databases. The findings showed that transdisciplinarity facilitates the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines, which drives organizational innovation, strategic competencies, and informed decision-making. Relevant obstacles were also identified, such as resistance to change, limited training in transdisciplinary methodologies, and difficulty consolidating multidisciplinary teams. It was concluded that implementing transdisciplinary approaches strengthens organizations’ sustainability and adaptability, provided collaborative training strategies and management models are applied. It is recommended that transdisciplinary training programs be incorporated at the university level and in continuing education to improve organizational performance and competitiveness in complex contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Renier Esquivel (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The undercover digital agent in Mendoza’s criminal legislation
This paper examined the incorporation of the undercover digital agent into the criminal process of the Province of Mendoza, Argentina, following the reform introduced by Law 9510 to the Code of Criminal Procedure. The objective was to analyze this concept’s normative, procedural, and constitutional aspects in the context of combating organized crime and complex crimes committed in digital environments. The scope of the new legal articles regulating the role of the undercover digital agent was studied, along with other digital investigation tools such as data security and computer systems analysis. This concept’s risks to fundamental rights such as privacy and the right to freedom from self-incrimination were also assessed. The methodology critically analyzed current regulations, specialized doctrine, and relevant jurisprudence. Among the main findings, a tension was identified between the need for investigative effectiveness and the protection of constitutional guarantees. In conclusion, it was argued that the legitimacy of the use of digital undercover agents depends on their rigorous implementation, with strict judicial oversight, defined time limits, and safeguards that ensure respect for due process and fundamental rights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Patricia A. Cozzo, Jesús C. Salas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Data protection and privacy in the context of emerging technologies
This study analyzed the challenges faced by traditional personal data protection mechanisms in the face of the advances of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and neurotechnology. The objective was to examine the relationship between regulatory awareness, risk perception, and institutional practices related to data processing. To this end, a quantitative methodology was applied through a structured survey with a stratified sample of digital technology users. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results showed a direct correlation between regulatory awareness and perceptions of digital security and a critical outlook among users with greater technological exposure. A gap was also identified between declared institutional policies and their actual implementation. The analysis allowed for the segmentation of user profiles and highlighted the need for more effective consent mechanisms, algorithmic auditing, and digital education. The conclusion was that adopting a comprehensive approach that articulates technological innovation, dynamic regulation, and citizen empowerment is essential to build digital governance based on protecting fundamental rights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Angélica M. Hernández (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Influence of radio promotion on cultural participation in the municipality of Sancti Spíritus
This study analyzed the influence of radio cultural promotion broadcast by Radio Sancti Spíritus on public participation in cultural activities in the municipality of the same name. Complemented by qualitative techniques, a quantitative methodology was applied to a non-probability sample of 20 listeners. Surveys, interviews, and a targeted listening experiment were used to evaluate the reception and impact of three radio promotions of varying quality. The results show that message quality, clarity of content, and the ability to generate positive emotions are determining factors in motivating participation. The role of radio as a strategic tool in community cultural promotion is discussed.
Copyright (c) 2024 Miguel A. Bravo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Resilience is an attribute of the integral education of the university student
The work aimed to propose educational actions from the methodological conception of Popular Education, which stimulated resilience as an attribute of the integral formation of the student. It was derived from the research project of the University of Sancti Spíritus “José Martí Pérez” Scientific methodological conception for the improvement of the integral formation process of the student. The scientific methods used were adapted to the methodological approach of participatory action research (observation, analysis of documents, Technique of the ten wishes, Technique of the Positive, Negative, and Recommendations). The actions were based on a self-triple and participatory diagnosis that offered the opportunity to design, implement, and evaluate them with the students, as they became the main protagonists. The results pointed to a more dialogic communica[1]tion style, a collaborative, joyful, optimistic, autonomous, and creative behavior of the students when reflecting on or addressing situations in the socio-educational environment where they interacted, as expressions of a resilient attitude.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aurelia Massip, Yanelis C. Hernández, Óscar Ramón Martínez , Madanys I. Rodríguez (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Diagnosis of the formation of legal culture in representatives of the civil society of Sancti Spiritus
This study evaluated the legal culture among civil society representatives in Sancti Spiritus to identify gaps and opportunities to strengthen their legal skills. Through surveys, interviews, and analysis of regulatory documents, the level of legal knowledge and the perception of the relevance of law in their daily work were evaluated. The results revealed significant deficiencies in access to legal information, training in key regulations, and developing skills for interpreting and applying law. Among the main limitations detected were the lack of knowledge of the Constitution of the Republic of Cuba and the legal system. In addition, it was identified that a large part of society is unaware of the availability of legal professionals who offer advice in a collaborative and free manner, even from academic institutions, which limits access to legal services that could facilitate the understanding and application of current regulations. In response to this, a legal training plan was proposed aimed at improving knowledge and understanding of the law among representatives of civil society in Sancti Spiritus, providing theoretical and practical tools for the exercise of their functions and promoting more significant interaction with current regulatory frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yoan L. Pereira, Vania González, Dario Delgado (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The new public health law and the intervention of the patient advocate a correctable omission
Within the current legal framework, this study analyzed the relationship between job performance and administrative processes in the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Quinindé, Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador. Factors limiting institutional efficiency were identified, and improvement strategies were proposed. A mixed-method approach was used, including surveys, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The study population consisted of 312 administrative employees, from which a sample of 164 participants was selected. The results indicated that a lack of clarity in organizational objectives and the absence of feedback negatively affected job performance. Although progress was observed in strategic and organizational planning, internal communication and leadership deficiencies persisted—the scarcity of training programs and the limited adoption of technologies negatively impacted management. The internal control system was found to be insufficient to ensure transparency and operational efficiency. Strengthening leadership, implementing training programs, incorporating technologies, and improving internal control are recommended to optimize administrative processes. Finally, citizen participation was highlighted as a key factor in legitimizing institutional management and strengthening the government and community relationship.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mariceilys Morales (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0