Pre-analytical criteria in blood culture sample collection

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14601930

Keywords:

blood cultures, pre-analytical phase, good clinical laboratory practices

Abstract

The pre-analytical process in blood culture sample collection is essential to ensure the accuracy in detecting pathogenic microorganisms in blood, which is crucial in diagnosing bacteremia and fungemia. This article reviews the main pre-analytical criteria associated with sample collection, considering aspects such as proper puncture site selection, strict aseptic techniques, blood volume collected, timing with febrile episodes, and the optimal number of samples. Sample contamination remains a significant challenge, impacting both the validity of results and the patient's clinical management. Evidence suggests that effectively disinfecting the site with 70% alcohol and chlorhexidine, sterile materials, and staff training are essential to minimize errors. Furthermore, collecting at least two blood cultures to increase diagnostic sensitivity is emphasized. This article emphasizes that strict adherence to pre-analytical criteria optimizes clinical laboratory resources and enhances patient care while improving the results' quality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acosta-Gnass, S.I. (2011). Manual de control de infecciones y epidemiología hospitalaria. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. https://iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/51545/ControlInfecHospitalarias_spa.pdf

Aray-García, A.M., García-Pérez, J.P., & Lino-Villacreses, W. (2023). Errores en los hemocultivos: causas y repercusiones para el paciente. MQRInvestigar, 7(1), 1425-1447. https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.7.1.2023.1425-1447

Callejas-Díaz, A., Calderón-Parra, J., & Fernández-Cruz, A. (2022). Hemocultivos: indicaciones e interpretación. Medicine, 13(50), 2956295-9. https://www.binasss.sa.cr/medint/20.pdf

Cohen, J., Vincent, J.L., Adhikari, N.K., Machado, F.R., Angus, D.C., Calandra T, Jaton, K., Giulieri, S., Delaloye, J., Opal, S., Tracey, K., van der Poll, T., & Pelfrene, E. (2015). Sepsis: a roadmap for future research. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15(581-614). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(15)70112-X

Dellinger, R.P., Levy, M.M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal SM, Sevransky, J.E., Sprung, C.L., Douglas, I.S., Jaeschke, R., Osborn, T.M., Nunnally, M.E., Townsend, S.R., Reinhart, K., Kleinpell, R.M., Angus, D.C., Deutschman, C.S., Machado, F.R., Rubenfeld, G.D., Webb, S.A., Beale, R.J., Vincent, J.L., Moreno, R., & Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee including the Pediatric Subgroup. (2012). Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Intensive Care Medicine, 39(2), 165-228. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e31827e83af

Enberg, M., Puente, M, Wozniak, A., Castillo, C., Villagra, N., Labarca, J., & García, P. (2020). Carbapenemasas en Pseudomonas aeruginosa con susceptibilidad disminuida a los carbapenémicos después de una década, desde VIM a KPC. Revista chilena de infectología, 37(4), 389-394. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0716-10182020000400389

Levy MM, Artigas A, Phillips GS, Rhodes A, Beale R, Osborn T, Vincent JL, Townsend S, Lemeshow, S., & Dellinger, R.P. (2012). Outcomes of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign in intensive care units in the USA and Europe: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infection Disease, 12(12), 919-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70239-6

Maldonado, N., Robledo, C., Munera, MI., Capataz-Tafur, C., Roncancio, G., Franco, L., Nagles, J., Gil, J., Arenas, P., Gaviria, M., Figueroa-Echeverri, M., Robledo, J., & Grupo GERMEN. (2018). Caracterización de los procedimientos para la realización de hemocultivos en pacientes adultos, en instituciones hospitalarias del Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá. Infection, 22(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.22354/in.v0i0.700

Plebani, M. (2015). Diagnostic Errors and Laboratory Medicine - Causes and Strategies. EJIFCC, 26(1), 7-14. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975219/

Rodríguez, J.C., Guna, R., Larrosa, N., & Marín, M. (2017). Diagnóstico microbiológico de la bacteriemia y la fungemia: hemocultivos y métodos moleculares. 2017. Procedimientos en Microbiología Clínica. Eds. Cercenado, E, Cantón, R. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC). https://seimc.org/contenidos/documentoscientificos/procedimientosmicrobiologia/seimc-procedimientomicrobiologia62.pdf

Rodríguez, M. (2021). Hemocultivos en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología: optimizando la toma de muestra. Revista Cubana de Hematología, Inmunología y Hemoterapia, 37(4). http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-02892021000400023&lng=es&tlng=es

Rojo, M.D., Aguiar, J.M., Cercenado, E., Ory, F., & de la Rosa, M. (2010). Recomendaciones para la implantación de la normativa de calidad UNE-EN-ISO 15189 en el laboratorio de microbiología clínica: bacteriología y serología, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, 28(9), 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2009.04.017

Vélez-Cevallos, L.E., Sornoza-Zambrano, J.R., & Lino-Villacreses, W. (2023). Impacto e importancia de detección de los errores pre analíticos en la calidad del laboratorio clínico. MQRInvestigar, 7(3), 812-827. https://doi.org/10.56048/MQR20225.7.3.2023.812-827

Vincent, J.L., Marshall, J.C., Namendys-Silva, S.A., François, B., Martin-Loeches, I., Lipman, J., Reinhart, K., Antonelli, M., Pickkers, P., Njimi, H., Jimenez, E., Sakr, Y., & ICON investigators. (2014). Assessment of the worldwide burden of critical illness: the intensive care over nations (ICON) audit. Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2(5), 380-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70061-X/

Weinstein, M., & Doern, G. (2011). A Critical Appraisal of the Role of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 49(9_Supplement), S26-29; 2011. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00765-11

WHO. (2020). Llamamiento de la OMS a la acción mundial contra la septicemia, causa de una de cada cinco muertes en el mundo. https://www.who.int/es/news/item/08-09-2020-who-calls-for-global-action-on-sepsis---cause-of-1-in-5-deaths-worldwide

Published

2025-01-31

Data Availability Statement

Not applicable.

Issue

Section

Review articles

How to Cite

Mera, C. E., Sanclemente, J. P., & Howland, I. (2025). Pre-analytical criteria in blood culture sample collection. Journal of Advances in Education, Sciences and Humanities, 1(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14601930

Similar Articles

1-10 of 24

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.