Balancing Care and Code: Exploring Algorithmic Influences on Nurses’ Job Happiness

Abd Rahman Ahmad; Hairul R. Md Sapry; Umi K. Rashid; Alaa S.  Jameel

doi:10.5281/zenodo.18301558

Authors

Abd Rahman Ahmad Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9493-8224
Hairul R. Md Sapry Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UNIKL) Kampus Cawangan Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Johor, MALAYSIA Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-0582
Umi K. Rashid Johor Business School, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, MALAYSIA Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-0582
Alaa S. Jameel Department of Business Administration, Al- Idrisi University College, Ramadi, Al-Anbar, IRAQ Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-1961

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18301558

Keywords:

Algorithmic management, Nurses, Job satisfaction, Job happiness, Perceived autonomy, Trust in AI systems

Abstract

Healthcare systems are gradually shaped by algorithm management, wherein digital tools regulate scheduling, monitoring, and task distribution. Although these methods are frequently implemented to improve efficiency, their effects on nurses' job happiness and overall well-being are inadequately examined, especially in Malaysia, where nurses are essential to maintaining healthcare service. Current research predominantly focusses on productivity and cost-efficiency, neglecting essential enquiries on the impact of algorithms on autonomy, trust, and well-being. This concept paper presents a paradigm to clarify the influence of algorithmic management on nurses' job happiness in Malaysia. Utilising literature from 2020 to 2024, it amalgamates insights from the Job Demands–Resources model, Self-Determination Theory, and sociotechnical systems views. The approach identifies algorithmic management as a pivotal factor affecting perceived autonomy, justice, and trust in AI systems, which in turn influences job happiness. Organisational support and digital literacy are presented as potential moderators that may either enhance or diminish these interactions. The paper contributes to three fundamental domains. Theoretically, it broadens existing discussions by situating algorithmic management and job happiness inside the Malaysian healthcare industry. It provides managers and policymakers with a conceptual framework for assessing the unexpected effects of digitisation on frontline carers. This methodologically proposes avenues for future empirical research, offering guidance for investigations that can inform solutions reconciling efficiency with compassion in nursing.

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