Case study on mild intellectual disability in a minor with a focus on assessment and intervention strategies

Abstract

This case study provides a comprehensive assessment of "Ana", a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with mild intellectual disability of prenatal origin, focusing on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains. The primary objective was to identify her specific needs and develop tailored intervention strategies to enhance her adaptation within family and school environments. The methodology included semi-structured interviews with her legal guardian and teacher, direct observation in family and educational settings, and psychometric assessments, such as the Raven's Progressive Matrices and the Dembo Self-Evaluation Scale. The findings revealed that "Ana" displays fluctuating self-esteem and significant emotional dependency on her mother, linked to anxious attachment patterns, which contribute to her low frustration tolerance and reactive aggression. Cognitively, she demonstrates attention deficits and below-average intellectual capacity, although she excels in creative activities like drawing, which may serve as an expressive outlet and bolster emotional resilience. The conclusions emphasize the need for a comprehensive intervention approach, incorporating structured support in both home and school settings, the development of emotional regulation skills, and frustration management techniques. This multidimensional approach promotes better adaptation for "Ana" and lays a foundation for her long-term emotional and social development.